Composite Testing Services

• Test method for isotropic plastics (pure resin, adhesive resin, plastic, etc.) for the determination of the tensile properties
• Test specimen geometry 150 mm x 20 mm x 4 mm with cross section 10 mm x 4 mm (specimen type 1A)
• Doppler not required
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in 0°/90° orientation
• Application of tensile strength, tensile stiffness, transverse contraction (Poisson number) and tensile stress-strain curve

• Test method for orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of tensile properties
• Specimen geometry 250 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° / 90 ° direction (sample type 3)
• Doppler 50 mm x 25 mm x 1 mm with fiber orientation in +/- 45 ° direction
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in 0 ° / 90 ° orientation
• Determination of tensile strength, tensile stiffness, transverse contraction (Poisson number) and tensile stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of tensile properties
• Specimen geometry 250 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° direction (specimen type A) or 250 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in 90 ° direction (specimen type B)
• Doppler 50 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm or 50 mm x 25 mm x 1 mm with fiber orientation in +/- 45 ° direction
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in 0 ° / 90 ° orientation
• Determination of tensile strength, tensile stiffness, transverse contraction (Poisson number) and tensile stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of tensile properties
• Test specimen geometry 250 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° direction (specimen type B)
• Doppler 65 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm with fiber orientation in +/- 45 ° direction
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in 0 ° / 90 ° orientation
• Determination of tensile strength, tensile stiffness, transverse contraction (Poisson number) and tensile stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of tensile properties
• Specimen geometry 250 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in 90 ° direction (specimen type A)
• Doppler 120 mm x 25 mm x 1 mm with fiber orientation in +/- 45 ° direction
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in 0 ° / 90 ° orientation
• Determination of tensile strength, tensile stiffness, transverse contraction (Poisson number) and tensile stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of tensile properties
• Specimen geometry 250 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° direction or 175 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in 90 ° direction
• Doppler 56 mm x 15 mm x 1.5 mm or 25 mm x 25 mm x 1.5 mm with fiber orientation in +/- 45 ° direction
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in 0 ° / 90 ° orientation
• Determination of tensile strength, tensile stiffness, transverse contraction (Poisson number) and tensile stress-strain curve

• Test method for isotropic plastics (pure resin, adhesive resin, plastic, etc.) for the determination of the tensile properties
• Test specimen geometry 165 mm x 19 mm x 4-7 mm with measuring cross section 13 mm x 4-7 mm (specimen type 1)
• Doppler not required
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in 0 ° / 90 ° orientation
• Determination of tensile strength, tensile stiffness, transverse contraction (Poisson number) and tensile stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the print properties ("Shear-Loading")
• Testing by Celanese printing device (eg GZ C-20 )
• Specimen geometry 110 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm (specimen type A) or 110 mm x 10 mm x 2-10 mm (specimen type B1) or 125 mm x 25 mm x 4 mm (specimen type B2) with fiber orientation in 0 °, 90 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Doppler 50 mm x 10 mm x 1 mm (specimen type A) or 50 mm x 10 mm x 0.5-2 mm (specimen type B1) or 50 mm x 25 mm x 0.5-2 mm (specimen type B2) with fiber orientation in +/- 45 ° direction
• Application of two adapted strain gauges in 0 ° orientation
• Determination of compressive strength, compressive stiffness and compressive stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the print properties ("Shear-Loading")
• Testing by Celanese printing device (eg GZ C-20 )
• Test specimen geometry 110 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm mm with fiber orientation in 0 °, 90 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction (specimen type A1)
• Doppler 50 mm x 10 mm x 1 mm with fiber orientation in +/- 45 ° direction
• Application of two adapted strain gauges in 0 ° orientation
• Determination of compressive strength, compressive stiffness and compressive stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the print properties ("Shear-Loading")
• Testing by means of IITRI printing device (eg GZ IT-50 )
• Test specimen geometry 110 - 160 mm x 6 - 25 mm x 2 - 8 mm with fiber orientation in 0 °, 90 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Doppler 50 mm x 6 - 25 mm x 1 mm with fiber orientation in +/- 45 ° direction
• Application of two adapted strain gauges in 0 ° orientation
• Determination of compressive strength, compressive stiffness and compressive stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the pressure characteristics ("combined-loading")
• Testing by means of combined-loading printing device
• Specimen geometry 140 mm x 12 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in 0 °, 90 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction (specimen type A)
• Application of two adapted strain gauges in 0 ° orientation
• Determination of compressive strength, compressive stiffness and compressive stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the printing properties ("end-loading")
• Testing by means of end-loading printing device
• Sample geometry 79.4 mm x 19 mm / 12.7 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in 0 °, 90 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Determination of compressive strength and compressive stress-strain curve

• Test method for orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for determining the shear properties (shear properties within the layer plane)
• Specimen geometry 250 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in +/- 45 ° direction
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in 0° / 90° orientation
• Determination of shear strength, shear stiffness and shear stress-strain curve

In accordance with DIN EN ISO 14129 (or ASTM D3518) shear characteristics are determined in the tensile shear test on flat test specimens with a fiber orientation in a +/- 45° direction. The test specimen is ideally symmetrical and balanced from its laminate construction and consists of a fabric or a biaxial scrim. The characteristic value determination is carried out quasi-statically as a tensile test. The test method has the following disadvantages compared to other methods:

• The test is not applicable to the determination of fracture toughness for materials with high shear strain, as the process is limited to shear deformations < 5 %.
• The resulting stress state in the test specimen is multiaxial. In the single layer of the specimen both normal and shear stresses are present. The fiber-perpendicular stresses generate additional ZFB stress in the laminate and thus an influence on the shear characteristics. The determination of the shear strength according to DIN EN ISO 14129 is therefore not possible error-free due to the principle.
• The free (not clamped) edges of the specimen lead to load transfer effects.
• It is assumed that the load is inhomogeneous over the width of the specimen.

The advantage of the test method over other methods for determining shear rate value lies in the simplicity of the test procedure. It is essentially a tensile test which has been modified by the fiber orientation in the +/- 45° direction for the determination of the shear characteristics.

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) and isotropic plastics (pure resin, adhesive resin, plastic, etc.) for determining the shear properties (shear properties within the layer plane)
• Testing by a picture frame test fixture (eg GZ S-100 / S-100 HT)
• Test specimen geometry 165 mm x 165 mm x 2...4 mm, possibly with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction or multi-directional design
• Application of two adapted strain gauges in 45° orientation
• Determination of shear strength, shear stiffness and shear stress-strain curve
• Approval according to DNVGL-guideline ST-0376 ("Rotor Blades for Wind Turbines") for the certification of rotor blades of wind turbines

The picture frame shear test according to DIN EN ISO 20337 / DIN SPEC 4885 is carried out by means of a picture frame. The test method is applicable to laminates consisting of a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix and having fiber orientations in the 0° and 0° / 90° directions, respectively. The test specimens with a square basic shape are symmetrical and balanced around the median plane. Typical specimen thicknesses are in the range 2...4 mm. The material costs and the requirements of the test apparatus are higher than in other shear test methods, but there are significant advantages of this test method:

• The determination of the shear properties can take place both in the linear and in the non-linear load-deformation range with shear strains > 5 %. Thus, a determination of the maximum shear strength in this strain range is possible, which is not possible with any other shear test.
• Due to the surface clamping of the specimen there are no free edges, so that no load transfer effects occur.
• The test results show very low standard deviations (usually < 3 %). Thus, the test method is also suitable for parameter studies or production that accompanies quality assurance (eg. incoming goods inspection).
• In the single layer of the specimen, only pure shear stresses are present. The stress is distributed relatively homogeneously over the sample. The shear stress maximum is in the test center, so that  the failure of the specimen is observed.

• Test method for orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for determining the thrust properties (thrust properties within the layer plane)
• Specimen geometry 250 mm x 25 mm x 2.5 mm with fiber orientation in +/-45° direction
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in 0°/90° orientation
• Determination of shear strength, shear stiffness and shear stress-strain curve

In accordance with ASTM D3518 (or DIN EN ISO 14129) shear characteristics are determined in the so-called tensile shear test on flat test specimens with a fiber orientation in a +/-45 ° direction. The test specimen is ideally symmetrical and balanced from its laminate construction and consists of a fabric or a biaxial scrim. The characteristic value determination is carried out quasi-statically as a tensile test. The test method has the following disadvantages compared to other methods:

• The test is not applicable to the determination of fracture toughness for materials with high shear strain, as the process is limited to shear deformations < 5 %.
• The resulting stress state in the test specimen is multiaxial. In the single layer of the specimen both normal and shear stresses are present. The fiber-perpendicular stresses generate additional ZFB stress in the laminate and thus an influence on the shear characteristics. The determination of the shear strength according to ASTM D3518 is therefore not possible error-free due to the principle.
• The free (not clamped) edges of the specimen lead to load transfer effects.
• It is assumed that the load is inhomogeneous over the width of the specimen.

The advantage of the test method over other methods for determining shear rate value lies in the simplicity of the test procedure. It is essentially a tensile test which has been modified by the fiber orientation in the +/-45° direction for the determination of the shear characteristics.

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) and isotropic plastics (pure resin, adhesive resin, plastic, ...) for determining the shear properties (shear properties within the layer plane)
• Testing with Iosipescu test fixture (eg GZ IS-20 )
• Test specimen geometry 76 mm x 19 mm x 2 mm, possibly with fiber orientation in 0° or 90° or 0°/90° direction or multi-directional design
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in +/-45° orientation
• Determination of shear strength, shear stiffness and shear stress-strain curve

In the Iosipescu shear test, shear characteristic values ​​of asymmetrically loaded four-point bending specimens are determined in accordance with ASTM D5379. The specimen is clamped by a Iosipescu device, which consists of two relatively movable profiles. The loads are conducted over four areas in the test specimen. A V-notch of the specimen determines the location of the failure. The material stress in the specimen represents a transverse force shear stress. The test method has the following disadvantages compared to other methods.

• The test is not applicable to the determination of fracture toughness for materials with high shear strain, as the process is limited to shear deformations < 5 %.
• The method is intended for small material deformations. Large deformations lead to load transfers in the fiber direction with horizontally oriented fibers (fiber orientation in the 90° direction).
• The shear stresses in the center of the test specimen deviate significantly from the mean shear stress. The deviation is about 20 % for fiber orientation in the 90 ° direction and about 10 % for the fiber orientation in the 0° direction. Therefore, there is no homogeneous shear stress distribution in the specimen cross section.
• The production of the V-notch of the specimen causes a failure of the specimen at different loads due to a varying stress situation in the notch.
• In the load introduction area, the compressive strength of the material can be exceeded, which may lead to a crushing of the edge of the specimen.

The advantage of the test method over other methods for determining shear rate value lies in the simplicity and flexibility of the test procedure. Single and multi-axially oriented laminates with any fiber orientation can be tested with just one test method.

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for determining the shear properties (shear properties within the layer plane)
• Testing by a rail shear test fixture (eg GZ RS-50 / RS-50 H)
• Test specimen geometry 76 mm x 56 mm x 2 mm, possibly with fiber orientation in 0° or 0°/90° direction
• Application of an adapted DMS rosette in +/-45° orientation
• Determination of shear strength, shear stiffness and shear stress-strain curve

The rail shear test according to ASTM D7078 (or ASTM D4255) uses a test specimen, which is clamped on both sides between two opposing device halves via clamping jaws. The tensile force generated by the universal testing machine causes a shear stress in the test specimen via the device. The test method has the following disadvantages compared to other methods:

• The method is intended for small material deformations. Large deformations lead to load transfers in the fiber direction with horizontally oriented fibers.
• The state of shear stress in the specimen is not completely homogeneous and extends parabolically over the width of the specimen.
• The V-notch results in a critical state of stress in the specimen which is heavily dependent on the production.

The advantage of the test method over other methods for determining shear rate value lies in the simplicity of the test procedure.

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) and isotropic plastics (pure resin, adhesive resin, plastic, etc.) to determine the bending properties
• Testing with 3-point bending device (eg. GZ B-20 )
• Specimen geometry 100 mm x 15 mm x 2 mm (specimen type A, class IV) with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Radius pressure fins 5 mm, radius support 2 mm
• Spacing distance 80 mm
• Determination of flexural strength, flexural strength and flexural stress-strain curve

The 3-point bending test according to DIN EN ISO 14125 represents a bending test method for determining the bending properties of fiber-reinforced plastics. The test is carried out at a constant speed until the test specimen fails, with the force applied and the deflection measured in the middle of the test specimen. The specimen is rectangular and flat and can be made from the middle part of a tensile specimen if required according to DIN EN ISO 527-2. Compared to the 4-point bending test, the compressive stresses on the center-acting pressure fin are higher, which can lead to undesirable failure.

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) and isotropic plastics (pure resin, adhesive resin, plastic, etc.) to determine the bending properties
• Testing with 4-point bending device (eg  GZ B-20 )
• Specimen geometry 100 mm x 15 mm x 2 mm (sample type B, class IV) with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Radius pressure fins 2 mm, radius support 2 mm
• Spacing distance 81 mm or 27 mm
• Determination of flexural strength, flexural strength and flexural stress-strain curve

The 4-point bending test according to DIN EN ISO 14125 represents a bending test method for determining the bending properties of fiber-reinforced plastics. The test is carried out at a constant speed until failure of the test specimen, with the applied force and the deflection (by means of long-arm extensometer) measured in the middle of the test specimen. The specimen is rectangular and flat and can be made from the middle part of a tensile specimen if required according to DIN EN ISO 527-2. Compared to the 3-point bending test, there is a constant bending moment between the two pressure fins, so that the compressive stresses on the pressure fins are lower. This leads to better quality test results with lower standard deviations.

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) and isotropic plastics (pure resin, adhesive resin, plastic, etc.) to determine the bending properties
• Testing with 3-point bending device (eg  GZ B-20 )
• Specimen geometry 80 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Radius pressure fin 5 mm, radius support 5 mm
• Spacing distance 64 mm
• Determination of flexural strength, flexural strength and flexural stress-strain curve

• Test method for anisotropic FRP (CFRP) to determine the bending properties
• Testing with 3-point bending device (eg  GZ B-20 )
• Specimen geometry 100 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm (specimen Type A) with fiber orientation in the 0 ° direction
• Radius pressure fin 12.5 mm, radius support 5 mm
• Spacing distance 80 mm
• Determination of flexural strength, flexural strength and flexural stress-strain curve

The 3-point bending test according to DIN EN 2562 comes from the aerospace industry and represents a 3-point bending test method for determining the bending properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics (see also 3-point bending test according to DIN EN 2746).

Different types of breakage can occur during the check:

• failure induced by tensile stresses on the surface
• failure initiated by compressive stresses on the surface
• failure initiated by shear stress inside the specimen

The fracture type is specified separately for each test specimen.

• Test method for anisotropic FRP (GRP) for the determination of bending properties
• Testing with 3-point bending device (eg  GZ B-20 )
• Test specimen geometry 60 mm x 15 mm x 3 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° direction
• Radius pressure fin 5 mm, radius support 2 mm
• Spacing distance 48 mm
• Determination of flexural strength, flexural strength and flexural stress-strain curve

The 3-point bending test according to DIN EN 2746 comes from the aerospace industry and represents a 3-point bending test method for determining the bending properties of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastics (see also 3-point bending test according to DIN EN 2562).

Different types of breakage can occur during the check:

• failure induced by tensile stresses on the surface
• failure initiated by compressive stresses on the surface
• failure initiated by shear stress inside the specimen

The fracture type is specified separately for each test specimen.

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the bending properties
• Testing with 3-point bending device (eg  GZ B-50 )
• Specimen geometry 160 mm x 13 mm x 4 mm (specimen type A) with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Radius pressure fin 3 mm, radius support 3 mm
• Spacing distance 128 mm
• Determination of flexural strength, flexural strength and flexural stress-strain curve

The 3-point bending test according to ASTM D7264 represents a bending test method for determining the bending properties of fiber-reinforced plastics. The test is carried out at a constant speed until the specimen fails, with the force applied and the deflection in the center of the specimen being measured. The specimen is rectangular and flat and has a length-to-thickness ratio of 40:1. Compared to the 4-point bending test, the compressive stresses on the center-acting pressure fin are higher, which can lead to undesirable failure. The failure must occur on the outside of the specimen. Other types of failure such as interlaminar shear stress or crushing on the supports or the pressure fin must be excluded to obtain usable values ​​from the test.

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the bending properties
• Testing with 4-point bending device (eg. GZ B-50 )
• Specimen geometry 160 mm x 13 mm x 4 mm (sample type B) with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Radius pressure fins 3 mm, radius support 3 mm
• Spacing distance 128 mm or 64 mm
• Determination of flexural strength, flexural strength and flexural stress-strain curve

The four-point bending test according to ASTM D7264 is a bending test method for determining the bending properties of fiber-reinforced plastics. The test is carried out at a constant speed until the specimen fails, with the applied force and the deflection (by means of a long-arm extensometer) in the center of the specimen. The specimen is rectangular and flat and has a length-to-thickness ratio of 40:1. Compared to the 3-point bending test, there is a constant bending moment between the two pressure fins, so that the compressive stresses on the pressure fins are lower. This leads to better quality test results with lower standard deviations. The failure must occur on the outside of the specimen.

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the apparent interlaminar shear strength
• Test specimen geometry 20 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Radius pressure fin 5 mm, radius support 2 mm
• Spacing distance 10 mm
• Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength, shear stress-displacement curve and failure mode

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the apparent interlaminar shear strength
• Test specimen geometry 20 mm x 10 mm x 3 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Radius pressure fin 3 - 5 mm, radius support 2 - 3 mm
• Spacing distance 15 mm
• Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength, shear stress-displacement curve and failure mode

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the apparent interlaminar shear strength
• Test specimen geometry 20 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Radius pressure fin 3 mm, radius support 3 mm
• Spacing distance 10 mm
• Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength, shear stress-displacement curve and failure mode

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFK, CFK, ...) for the determination of the apparent interlaminar shear strength
• Test specimen geometry 20 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm with fiber orientation in 0 ° or 0 ° / 90 ° direction
• Radius pressure fin 3 mm, radius support 1.5 mm
• Spacing distance 8 mm
• Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength, shear stress-displacement curve and failure mode

• Test method for sandwich structures (core material in composite with outer cover layers) to determine the behaviour under 4-point bending stress
• Specimen geometry 600 mm x 62.5 mm x 25 mm with fibre orientation in 0° or 0°/90° direction
• Radius support 15 mm
• Outer span distance 500 mm, inner span distance 250 mm
• Determination of the bending strength, the bending modulus and the bending stress-strain curve

• Test method for sandwich structures (core material in composite with outer cover layers) to determine the tensile properties perpendicular to the cover layer plane
• Specimen geometry 50 mm x 50 mm x 10...50 mm with fibre orientation in 0° or 0°/90° direction
• Determination of tensile strength, yield stress and stress-strain curve

• Test method for sandwich core materials (foam core or honeycomb structure) to determine the compressive properties
• Testing by use of compression plates
• Specimen geometry 100 mm x 100 mm x 50 mm
• Determination of compressive strength and load displacement curve

• Test method for sandwich core materials (foam core or honeycomb structure) to determine the compressive properties
• Testing by use of compression plates
• Specimen geometry 100 mm x 100 mm x 50 mm
• Determination of compressive strength and load displacement curve

• Test method for sandwich core materials (foam core or honeycomb structure) and sandwich structures (core material in composite with outer cover layers) to determine the behaviour under shear stress
• Testing by using a cardanically supported pull-off test fixture
• Specimen geometry 250 mm x 50 mm x 30 mm
• Determination of shear strength, shear modulus and shear stress-strain curve

• Test method for determining the bond strength of single-lap overlapped bondings in the tensile test
• Specimen geometry 200 mm x 25 mm x (2 +2) mm (specimen type III.2)
• Investigation of the failure mode
• Determination of the bond strength and the bond stress-displacement curve

• Test method for determining the bond strength of single-lap overlapped bondings in the tensile test
• Specimen geometry 175 mm x 25 mm x (2 +2) mm (overlap surface 25 mm x 25 mm)
• Investigation of the failure mode
• Determination of the bond strength and the bond stress-displacement curve

• Test method for determining the bond strength of double-lap overlapped bondings in the tensile test
• Specimen geometry (190 + 12.7) mm x 25.4 mm x (3.2 + 1.6 + 1.6) mm (specimen type A)
• Investigation of the failure mode
• Determination of the bond strength and the bond stress-displacement curve

• Test method for the investigation of bonded joints made of flexible joining parts
• Specimen geometry 200 mm x 25 mm (bonding surface 150 mm x 25 mm)
• Investigation of the failure mode
• Determination of the bond strength and the bond stress-displacement curve

• Test method for the investigation of bonded joints made of flexible joining parts
• Specimen geometry 250 / 300 mm x 25 mm
• Investigation of the failure mode
• Determination of the peel load and the peel diagram

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFRP, CFRP,...) to determine the fatigue behaviour under cyclic tension-tension load and bending load
• Specimen geometry according to DIN EN ISO 527-4 / 527-5 or DIN EN ISO 14125 with fibre orientation in 0°, 90° or 0°/90° directions
• Sinusoidal load type with load peak control (load or displacement)
• Load ratio R = 0.1 (tension-tension load)
• Test frequency depending on the load horizon
• Determination of the S/N-curve in semilogarithmic diagram and linear progression according to Basquin

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFRP, CFRP,...) to determine the fatigue behaviour under cyclic tension-tension load
• Specimen geometry 250 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm with fibre orientation in 0°, 90° or 0°/90° direction
• Sinusoidal load type with load peak control (load or displacement)
• Load ratio R = 0.1 (tension-tension load)
• Test frequency depending on the load horizon
• Determination of the S/N-curve in semilogarithmic diagram and linear progression according to Basquin

• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFRP, CFRP,...) to determine the fatigue behaviour under bending load
• Specimen geometry according to ASTM D790 (procedure A for 3-point flexural test) or ASTM D6272 (procedure B for 4-point flexural test) with fibre orientation in 0°, 90° or 0°/90° directions
• Sinusoidal load type with load peak control (load or displacement)
• Load ratio R = -1 (tension-compression load)
• Test frequency depending on the load horizon (< 5 Hz recommended)
• Determination of the S/N-curve in semilogarithmic diagram and linear progression according to Basquin

• RHV test method of the German Federal Aviation Authority
  (Guideline for the approval of resin-fibre composite systems in the field of manufacture and maintenance of gliders and motorgliders)
• Test method for anisotropic and orthotropic FRP (GFRP, CFRP,...) to determine the fatigue behaviour under cyclic load
• Specimen geometry 210 mm x 32 mm x 4 mm with fibre orientation in 0°, 90°, 0°/90° or +/- 45° direction
• Sinusoidal load type with load peak control (load or displacement)
• Load ratio R = 0.1 (alternating load), R = 0.1 (tension-tension load) or R = 10 (compressive-compressive load)
• Test frequency depending on the load horizon
• Determination of the S/N-curve in semilogarithmic diagram and linear progression according to Basquin

• Determination of the glass transition temperatures Tg.akt and Tg.max and the residual reactivity
• Temperature range -70 - 600 ° C
• Heating rate 5 - 10 K / min
• Specimen mass 2 - 40 mg

• Determination of the frequency-dependent glass transition temperatures Tg.akt and Tg.max as well as the frequency-dependent mechanical material behavior
• Temperature range 10 - 250 ° C
• Heating rate 1 - 3 K / min
• Frequency range 0.1 - 100 Hz
• Test specimen dimensions 35 mm x 4 mm x 1 mm (cantilevered bending beam) or 60 mm x 8 mm x 3 mm (3-point bend)

• Determination of residual moisture content and thermal stability
• Measurement of the fiber volume content for FKV (GFK, CFK, ...)
• Maximum measurable weight loss 100%
• Temperature range 10 - 1000 ° C
• Heating rate 15 K / min
• Specimen mass 2 - 40 mg

• Determination of the thermal expansion coefficient and the glass transition temperatures Tg.akt and Tg.max
• Temperature range -70 - 300 ° C
• Heating rate 5 - 10 K / min
• Sample geometry 2 - 6 mm x 2 - 6 mm x 2 - 6 mm

• Determination of the heat distortion temperature
• Temperature range 23 - 300 ° C
• Heating rate 3 - 10 K / min
• Test specimen geometry 80 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm

• DIN EN ISO 527-4: Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and anisotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites
• DIN EN ISO 527-5: Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites
• DIN EN 2561: Aerospace series - Carbon fibre reinforced plastics - Unidirectional laminates - Tensile test parallel to the fibre direction
• ASTM D3039: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• ISO 4899: Textile-glass reinforced thermosetting plastics; properties and test methods
• ISO 11566: Carbon fibre - Determination of the tensile properties of single-filament specimens
• ASTM D4018: Standard Test Methods for Properties of Continuous Filament Carbon and Graphite Fiber Tows
• ASTM D3916: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Pultruded Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Rod
• ASTM D5083: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics Using Straight-Sided Specimens
• ASTM D7205: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars
• DIN 65378: Aerospace; fiber reinforced plastics; testing of unidirectional laminates; tensile test transverse to fiber direction
• DIN EN 2597: Aerospace series - Carbon fibre reinforced plastics; unidirectional laminates - Tensile test perpendicular to the fibre direction
• DIN EN 2747: Aerospace series - Glass fibre reinforced plastics - Tensile test
• DIN EN 6035: Aerospace series - Fibre reinforced plastics - Test method - Determination of notched and unnotched tensile strength
• DIN 29971: Aerospace; unidirectional carbon fibre-epoxy sheet and tape prepreg; technical specification
• Airbus AITM 1.0007: Fibre Reinforced Plastics - Determination of Notched, Unnotched and Filled Hole Tensile Strength
• Boeing BSS: Tensile Testing of Advanced Composites
• SACMA SRM 4R: Tensile Properties of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites
• SACMA SRM 9: Tensile Properties of Oriented Cross-Plied Fiber-Resin Composites
• TR 88012 CRAG: Tensile Testing

• ASTM D5766: Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
• ASTM D6742: Standard Practice for Filled-Hole Tension and Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
• Airbus AITM 1.0007: Fibre Reinforced Plastics - Determination of Notched, Unnotched and Filled Hole Tensile Strength
• SACMA SRM 5: Open Hole Tensile Properties of Advanced Composites Materials
• NASA RP 1092 ST: Open hole tension

• DIN EN 2850: Aerospace series - Carbon fibre thermosetting resin - Unidirectional laminates - Compression test parallel to fibre direction
• DIN EN ISO 14126: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of compressive properties in the in-plane direction
• DIN EN ISO 604: Plastics - Determination of compressive properties
• DIN 65375: Aerospace; fiber reinforced plastics; testing of unidirectional laminates; compression test transverse to fiber direction
• ISO 3597-3: Textile-glass-reinforced plastics - Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin - Part 3: Determination of compressive strength
• ASTM D3410: Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage Section by Shear Loading
• ASTM D695: Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
• ASTM D6641: Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined Loading Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
• ASTM C1358: Standard Test Method for Monotonic Compressive Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular Cross Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperatures
• JIS K 7076: Testing Methods for Compressive Properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics
• Airbus AITM 1.0008: Fibre Reinforced Plastics – Determination of Plain, Open Hole and Filled Hole Compression Strength
• Airbus QVA Z10-46-38: Determination of compressive properties of CFRP laminates made of fabric prepreg, testing in warp or weft direction
• Boeing BSS 7260 type III and IV: Advanced Composite Compression Tests
• SACMA SRM 1R-94: Compressive Properties of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites
• SACMA SRM 6-94: Compressive Properties of Oriented Cross-Plied Fiber-Resin Composites
• RAE TR 88012 CRAG Method 400: Method of Test for Longitudinal Compression Strength and Modulus of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Plastics
• RAE TR 88012 CRAG Method 401: Plain Compression

• DIN EN 6036: Aerospace series - Fibre reinforced plastics - Test method - Determination of notched, unnotched and filled hole compression strength
• ASTM D6484: Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
• ISO 12817: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of open-hole compression strength
• Boeing BSS 7260-1: Open Hole Compression Test
• Airbus AITM 1.0008: Fibre Reinforced Plastics – Determination of Plain, Open Hole and Filled Hole Compression Strength.
• SACMA SRM 3R-94: Open Hole Compression Properties
• NASA RP 1092 ST-4: Open Hole Compression
• RAE TR 88012 CRAG Method 402: Open Hole Compression Strength
• Northrop NAI 1504C: Open Hole Compression Test Method

• DIN EN 6038: Aerospace series - Fibre reinforced plastics - Test method - Determination of the compression strength after impact
• ISO 18352: Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics - Determination of compression-after-impact properties at a specified impact-energy level
• ASTM D7137: Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates
• Airbus AITM 1.0010: Determination of compression strength after impact-stress
• Boeing BSS 7260 type II: Compression after Impact
• CRAG method 403: Compression after Impact
• SACMA SRM 2R-94: Compression after Impact – Properties of Oriented Fibre-Resin Composites
• NASA RP 1092 ST-1: Compression after Impact

• DIN EN ISO 14125: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of flexural properties
• DIN EN ISO 178: Plastics - Determination of flexural properties
• DIN EN 2562: Aerospace series - Carbon fibre reinforced plastics - Unidirectional laminates; flexural test parallel to the fibre direction
• DIN EN 2746: Aerospace series - Glass fibre reinforced plastics - Flexural test, three point bend method
• ASTM D790: Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
• ASTM D7264: Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• ASTM D6272: Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials by Four-Point Bending
• ASTM D6415: Standard Test Method for Measuring the Curved Beam Strength of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite
• TR 88012 CRAG Method 200: Flexural Modulus and Strength of Reinforced Plastics
• HSR EPM D 003-93: Four Point Flexural Testing of Composite Materials

• DIN EN ISO 14129: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of the in-plane shear stress/shear strain reponse, including the in-plane schear modulus and strength, by ± 45° tension test method
• DIN EN ISO 20337: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Shear test method using a shear frame for the determination of the in-plane shear stress/shear strain response and shear modulus
• DIN EN 6031: Aerospace series - Fibre reinforced plastics - Test method - Determination of in-plane shear properties (± 45° tensile test)
• DIN 65466: Aerospace - Fibre reinforced plastics - Testing of unidirectional laminates; Determination of shear strength and shear modulus in tension
• DIN EN ISO 15310: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of the in-plane shear modulus by the plate twist method
• ASTM D3518: Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by Tensile Test of a ±45° Laminate
• ASTM D4255: Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by the Rail Shear Method
• ASTM D5379: Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method
• ASTM D7078: Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by V-Notched Rail Shear Method
• ASTM D3044: Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels
• Airbus AITM 1.0002: Determination of in-plane shear properties (±45° tensile test)
• Airbus QVA-Z10-46-22: Determination of shear properties in the tensile test of ± 45° CFRP laminates made of unidirectional prepreg (tape) or fabric prepreg
• SACMA SRM 7-94: Inplane Shear Properties
• RAE TR 88012 CRAG Method 101: In-plane Shear
• JIS K 7079: In-Plane Shear Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics by Plus or Minus 45 Degrees Tension Method and Two Pairs of Rails Method

• DIN EN ISO 14130: Fibre reinforced plastic composites - Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength by short beam-method
• DIN EN 2377: Aerospace series; glass fibre reinforced plastics; test method; determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength
• DIN EN 2563: Aerospace series - Carbon fibre reinforced plastics - Unidirectional laminates; determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength
• ISO 3597-4: Textile-glass-reinforced plastics - Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin - Part 4: Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength
• ASTM D2344: Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials and Their Laminates
• ASTM D4475: Standard Test Method for Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Pultruded Reinforced Plastic Rods By the Short-Beam Method
• JIS K 7078: Apparent Interlaminar Shear Strength of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics by Three Point Loading Method
• SACMA SRM 8-88: Short Beam Shear Strength of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites
• CRAG Method 100: Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of reinforced plastics

• DIN EN 2243-1: Aerospace series - Non-metallic materials - Structural adhesives - Test method - Part 1: Single lap shear
• DIN EN 2243-6: Aerospace series - Non-metallic materials - Structural adhesives - Test method - Part 6: Determination of shear stress and shear strain
• DIN EN 1465: Adhesives - Determination of tensile lap-shear strength of bonded assemblies
• DIN 65148: Aerospace; testing of fibre-reinforced plastics; determination of interlaminar shear strength by tenside test
• ISO 22841: Composites and reinforcements fibres - Carbon fibre reinforced plastics(CFRPs) and metal assemblies - Determination of the tensile lap-shear strength
• ASTM D3528: Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Double Lap Shear Adhesive Joints by Tension Loading
• ASTM D3846: Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Strength of Reinforced Plastics
• ASTM D3914: Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Strength of Pultruded Glass-Reinforced Plastic Rod
• ASTM D5868: Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding
• Airbus AITM 1.0019: Determination of lap shear tensile strength of composite joints
• Airbus QVA-Z10-46-09: Determination of Interlaminar Tensile Shear Strength of Fiber Composite Structures
• Airbus QVA-Z10-46-01: Determination of the Bond Strength of Adhesives
• CRAG Method 102: Method of Test for Lap Shear Strength of Fibre Reinforced Plastics

• DIN EN 6033: Aerospace series - Carbon fibre reinforced plastics - Test method - Determination of interlaminar fracture toughness energy - Mode I - GIC
• DIN EN 6034: Aerospace series - Carbon fibre reinforced plastics - Test method - Determination of interlaminar fracture toughness energy - Mode II - GIIC
• ISO 13586: Plastics - Determination of fracture toughness (GIC and KIC) - Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach
• ISO 15024: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, GIC, for unidirectionally reinforced materials
• ISO 17281: Plastics - Determination of fracture toughness (GIC and KIC) at moderately high loading rates (1 m/s)
• ISO 15114: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of the mode II fracture resistance for unidirectionally reinforced materials using the calibrated end-loaded split (C-ELS) test and an effective crack length approach
• ASTM D5045: Standard Test Methods for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness and Strain Energy Release Rate of Plastic Materials
• ASTM D5528: Standard Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
• ASTM D6068: Standard Test Method for Determining J-R Curves of Plastic Materials
• ASTM D6671: Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
• ASTM E1922: Standard Test Method for Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• ASTM WK22949: New Test Method for Determination of the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites Using the End-Notched Flexure (ENF) Test
• Airbus AITM 1.0005: Determination of interlaminar fracture toughness energy. Mode I
• Airbus AITM 1.0006: Determination of interlaminar fracture toughness energy. Mode II
• Airbus AITM 1.0053: Determination of fracture toughness energy of bonded joints, Mode I, GIC
• Boeing BSS 7273: Interlaminar Fracture Toughness
• Boeing BMS 8-276: Mode I and Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness
• NASA Method RP 1092 ST-5: Hinged Double Cantilever Beam
• CRAG Method 600: Method of Test for Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Fibre Reinforced Composites
• ESIS TC 4: Protocol for interlaminar fracture testing of composites

• DIN EN 6037: Aerospace series - Fibre reinforced plastics - Test method - Determination of bearing strength
• DIN EN 13706-2: Reinforced plastic composites - Specifications for pultruded profiles - Part 2: Methods of test and general requirements
• ASTM D5448: Standard Test Method for Inplane Shear Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
• ASTM D5449: Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
• ASTM D5450: Standard Test Method for Transverse Tensile Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
• ASTM D5961: Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
• ASTM D7248: Standard Test Method for Bearing/Bypass Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates Using 2-Fastener Specimens
• Airbus AITM 1.0009: Fibre reinforced plastics - Determination of bearing strength by either pin or bolt bearing configuration
• Airbus AITM 1.0065: Fiber reinforced plastics - Determination of joint strength of mechanically fastened joints
• TR 88012 CRAG Method 700: Bearing strength
• SACMA SRM 9-89: Bearing Strength Properties of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites

• ASTM D7332: Standard Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite
• ASTM D7522: Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength for FRP Laminate Systems Bonded to Concrete or Masonry Substrates
• ASTM D1781: Standard Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives
• ASTM D1876: Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)
• ASTM D3167: Standard Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of Adhesives
• AIRBUS QVA-Z10-46-05: Determination of Drum Peeling Force of Adhesives and Adhesive Prepregs During Drum Peeling Test
• AIRBUS QVA-Z10-46-03: Determination of the Peel Strength of Adhesives in Floating Roller Peel Tests (Bell)

• ISO 13003: Fibre-reinforced plastics - Determination of fatigue properties under cyclic loading conditions
• ASTM D3479: Standard Test Method for Tension-Tension Fatigue of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• ASTM D6873: Standard Practice for Bearing Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
• HSR/EPM-D-002-93: Tension-Tension Load Controlled Fatigue Testing of Composite Materials Thermal Mechanical Fatigue (TFM)

• DIN 53292: Testing of sandwiches; Tensile test perpendicular to the faces
• DIN 53293: Testing of sandwiches; Bending test
• DIN 53294: Testing of sandwiches; Shear test
• DIN 53295: Testing of sandwiches; Peel test by means of a drum
• ASTM C273: Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
• ASTM C297: Standard Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
• ASTM C365: Standard Test Method for Flatwise Compressive Properties of Sandwich Cores
• ASTM C393: Standard Test Method for Core Shear Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Beam Flexure
• ASTM C394: Standard Test Method for Shear Fatigue of Sandwich Core Materials
• ASTM D5467: Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Sandwich Beam
• Airbus AITM 1.0018: Sandwich flexural test – 4 point bending
• Airbus AITM 1.0025: Flatwise tensile test of composite sandwich panel
• Airbus QVA-Z10-46-06: Determination of the Shear Strength of Joint Adhesives in Shear Test of Pipes